HEALTH MANAGEMENT

Faculty
Lawrence E. Heider, Professor Emeritus
J.T. McClure, Professor, Chair
Michael Cockram, Professor
T. Jeffrey Davidson, Professor
Ian R. Dohoo, Professor
Larry Hammell, Professor
Gregory Keefe, Professor
Jeanne Lofstedt, Professor
Robert Lofstedt, Professor
Mary A. McNiven, Professor
Timothy H. Ogilvie, Professor
Crawford Revie, Professor
John VanLeeuwen, Professor
Jeffrey Wichtel, Professor
Wendy Duckett, Associate Professor
Daniel Hurnik, Associate Professor
Laurie McDuffee, Associate Professor
Shawn McKenna, Associate Professor
Arthur Ortenburger, Associate Professor
Javier Sanchez, Associate Professor
Elizabeth Spangler, Associate Professor
Sophie St-Hilaire, Associate Professor
Henrik E. Stryhn, Associate Professor
Heather Ayles, Assistant Professor
Brownyn Crane, Assistant Professor
Aimie Doyle, Assistant Professor
Erica Koch, Assistant Professor
Kathleen MacMillan, Assistant Professor
Kristin Reyher, Assistant Professor
Maureen Wichtel, Assistant Professor
Lei Ang, Adjunct Professor
Herman Barkema, Adjunct Professor
Michael Beattie, Adjunct Professor
Tillman Benfey, Adjunct Professor
Vaughan Black, Adjunct Professor
Visanu Boonyawiwat, Adjunct Professor
Jette Christensen, Adjunct Professor
Brent Dixon, Adjunct Professor
Caroline Dubé, Adjunct Professor
Andre Dumas, Adjunct Professor
Ian Gardner, Adjunct Professor
Judith Guernsey, Adjunct Professor
David Kelton, Adjunct Professor
Thomas Landry, Adjunct Professor
Jean Lavallee, Adjunct Professor
Stephen LeBlanc, Adjunct Professor
Ken Leslie, Adjunct Professor
Matthew Litvak, Adjunct Professor
Andrea Locke, Adjunct Professor
Carol McClure, Adjunct Professor
Beverly McEwen, Adjunct Professor
Bruce McNab, Adjunct Professor
Suzanne Millman, Adjunct Professor
Frederick Page, Adjunct Professor
Jane Parmley, Adjunct Professor
Zvonimir Poljak, Adjunct Professor
Chris Riley, Adjunct Professor
Juan Carlos Rodriquez-Lecompte, Adjunct Professor
Jean-Philipe Roy, Adjunct Professor
Caroline Sanford, Adjunct Professor 
Daniel Scholl, Adjunct Professor
Anthony Shaw, Adjunct Professor
John Tait, Adjunct Professor
Jennifer Taylor, Adjunct Professor
Thomas Therriault, Adjunct Professor
Jillian Westcott, Adjunct Professor
Fiona Yeudall, Adjunct Professor

Departmental Website
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HEALTH MANAGEMENT COURSES

VHM 101 INTRODUCTION TO VETERINARY MEDICINE
This course is an introduction to Veterinary Medicine. Students study the principles of veterinary ethics and jurisprudence, develop skills in client communication, and evaluate strategies for professional development. This course is graded pass-fail.
Two hours of lecture per week.

VHM 111 ANIMAL PRODUCTION SYSTEMS
This course provides students with a basic understanding of major animal industries, with particular emphasis in nutrition, breeding, reproduction, housing, feeding, general management and marketing characteristics of each industry. In addition, major compounds of nutritional importance in nutrient metabolism, and the role of nutrients in the integration of biological and physiological processes in animals are discussed. Feedstuffs are evaluated in relation to nutrient requirements of various animal species.
Two hours of lecture and three hours of laboratory/field experience per week.

VHM 112 PRINCIPLES OF VETERINARY EPIDEMIOLOGY
In this course, students learn the basic principles and techniques used in veterinary epidemiology. Students apply quantitative reasoning to common problems in veterinary medicine including estimating the frequency of disease, evaluating and interpreting diagnostic tests, predicting prognosis, evaluating risk factors for disease, and interpreting the veterinary literature.
Two hours of lecture and one hour of laboratory per week.

VHM 124 CLINICAL ORIENTATION I
This course develops proficiency in animal identification skills and approach and handling of normal domestic animals. Species of interest include companion, farm, and laboratory animals, and avian species. Students are introduced to communication skills using case modules developed by Bayer.
Three hours of laboratory per week                       
This course is graded pass-fail   

VHM 125 ANIMAL BEHAVIOUR AND ANIMAL WELFARE
This course introduces the principles of animal behaviour, normal behaviour of companion and food producing animals and the influence of systems of management on their behaviour. Animal welfare concepts, the assessment of animal welfare and the welfare implications of the management of different species of animals are discussed. 

Three hours of lectures per week

VHM 222 PRINCIPLES OF THERIOGENOLOGY
In this course, students develop an understanding of reproductive physiology and control of the estrous cycle in the common domestic species.  Artificial insemination  is discussed and companion animal theriogenology is presented in detail.
Two hours of lecture per week.
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VHM 231 VETERINARY PUBLIC HEALTH
In this course students learn about the role of the veterinarian in public health. Topics covered include risk management and risk communication, the safety of foods of animal origin, the responsibilities of the veterinarian in control of zoonotic diseases and occupational hazards in veterinary medicine. The emphasis of the course is divided between the role of the private practitioner in food safety and public health, and the role of the veterinarian in federal and provincial inspection and regulatory programs.
Two hours of lecture per week.

VHM 241 PRINCIPLES OF HEALTH MANAGEMENT
In this course, material from VHM 112 is utilized in a practical way to assist students in becoming better critical thinkers and decision-makers.  Students learn a systemic approach to critical reading of literature so that they are able to apply evidence based approaches to all areas of veterinary medicine.  The course will alternate between lectures and tutorials, with the tutorials giving the students a change to practice and reinforce principles presented in lectures.
One hour of lecture and one hour of tutorial on alternate weeks.

VHM 251 CLINICAL ORIENTATION II
This course develops proficiency in general and advanced physical examination skills in normal domestic animals.  Species of interest include companion, farm, and laboratory animals, and avian species. Students develop their communication skills using advanced case modules developed by Bayer.
One hour of lecture and two hours of laboratory per week. 

VHM 322 FOOD ANIMAL HEALTH AND DISEASE
This required core course describes the common medical, surgical, reproductive, and production limiting diseases of food producing animals relevant to the entry level veterinarian engaged in general practice.  Disease processes and their diagnosis, treatment and prevention are discussed.  The focus of this course is diseases of cattle and swine but important and unique diseases of small ruminants are also covered.
Five hours of lecture per week

VHM 323 EQUINE HEALTH AND DISEASE
This required core course describes the common medical, surgical, and reproductive diseases of horses relevant to the entry level veterinarian engaged in general practice. Disease processes and their diagnosis, treatment, indications for anaesthesia, and prevention are discussed. The course also reviews common pharmaceutical agents and biologics used in horses as well as preventative herd health practices for the equine species.
Four hours of lecture per week 

VHM 324 CLINICAL TECHNIQUES IN LARGE ANIMALS
This required core course describes and provides practice in performing common medical, surgical, and reproductive techniques relevant to the entry level veterinarian engaged in general practice.  Laboratories include per rectum examination of the reproductive tract and abdominal organs, common medical, surgical and reproductive procedures, regional anesthesia, obstetrical manipulation, and examination of clinical cases in the veterinary teaching hospital.
Three hours of lab on alternate weeks
 
VHM 325 PRODUCTION AND INFECTIOUS DISEASES OF FOOD ANIMALS
This elective course emphasizes current research on production limiting diseases of cattle.  Topics covered are dictated primarily by issues that are current and important to the cattle industry.
Five week module with two hours of lecture per week
Enrollment is open for third year students
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VHM 326 BOVINE HERD MANAGEMENT AND NUTRITION
This elective course reviews bovine nutrition and record analysis as aids for improving dairy herd productivity.  It focuses on management of the herd as a whole and on utilization of data management for decision making.  Nutritional management and delivery of feeding programs to optimize production are also discussed.
Five week module with two hours of lecture per week
Enrollment is open for third year students

VHM 327 ADVANCED BOVINE MASTITIS AND QUALITY MILK PRODUCTION
This elective course reviews bovine mastitis prevention and control and issues related to milk quality.  Topics include herd investigation of mastitis and udder health, management of clinical and subclinical mastitis at the herd level, laboratory testing procedures for evaluation of milk quality, evaluation of milk quality records for trouble shooting of herd problems, and implications of milk quality for the dairy industry.
Five week module with three hours of lecture per week
Enrollment is open for third year students 

VHM 328 CURRENT ISSUES IN BOVINE LAMENESS, WELFARE AND COW COMFORT
This elective course discusses bovine lameness and welfare.  It focuses on prevention of lameness and issues affecting cow comfort.  Accurate diagnosis of the causes of lameness, and the economic consequences of lameness and other welfare issues, are emphasized.
Five week module with two hours of lecture per week
Enrollment is open for third year students
 
VHM 329 TOPICS IN POULTRY AND SWINE
This elective course reviews diseases of importance to the poultry and swine industries.  Recent challenges to these unique production industries are emphasized.
Five week module with two hours of lecture per week
Enrollment is open for third year students
 
VHM 333 TOPICS IN SMALL RUMINANTS
This elective course emphasizes diseases and techniques unique to small ruminants including sheep, goats, llamas and alpacas. It includes discussion of topics such as nutrition, parasite control, and reproductive management.
Five week module with three hours of lecture per week
Enrollment is open for third year students
 
VHM 334 HEALTH OF AQUATIC FOOD ANIMALS AND THE ECOSYSTEM
This elective course covers three components: lobster health, finfish health and ecosystem health.  The lobster component reviews health issues of lobsters with an emphasis on diseases of impounded lobsters and associated risk factors, and offers a laboratory on sampling procedures for diagnostic purposes.  The finfish component addresses production and health related diseases in food fish with an emphasis on farmed salmon and coldwater marine fish.  Topics include disease surveillance, disease risk factors, health management methods, and interactions between farmed and wild fish populations.  The ecosystem health component introduces the principles of ecohealth using current examples from agriculture, aquaculture and wildlife. 
Five week module with three hours of lecture per week
Enrollment is open for third year students 
 
VHM 335 TOPICS IN ADVANCED BOVINE THERIOGENOLOGY
This elective course emphasizes approaches essential to the successful reproductive management of beef and dairy herds. Topics include investigation of herd reproductive status and problems, control of the estrous cycle and ovulation, embryo transfer and advanced reproductive technologies, induction of abortion and parturition, breeding soundness evaluation of bulls, and common surgeries involving the bovine reproductive tract.  
Five week module with two hours of lecture per week
Enrollment is open for third year students
 
VHM 336 TOPICS IN ADVANCED EQUINE THERIOGENOLOGY
This elective course is intended for students who plan to enter equine practice upon graduation. It provides more advanced information on equine reproduction than is available in the core equine course.  Broadly speaking, topics include stud management and reproductive disease diagnosis, treatment and prevention.
Five week module with two hours of lecture per week
Enrollment is open for third year students
 

VHM 337 ADVANCED EQUINE THERIOGENOLOGY TECHNIQUES
This elective laboratory course is intended for students who plan to enter equine practice upon graduation. It provides the opportunity to practice  basic and more advanced equine reproductive techniques in the mare and stallion.
Five week module with three hours of laboratory per week
Enrollment is limited for third year students
COREQUISITE: VHM 336
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VHM 338 ADVANCED BOVINE THERIOGENOLOGY TECHNIQUES
This elective laboratory course provides advanced exposure to bovine reproductive techniques including evaluation of herd records, diagnostic reproductive techniques and artificial insemination techniques in cows, and evaluation of bulls for breeding soundness.
Five week module with three hours of laboratory per week
Enrollment is limited for third year students
COREQUISITE: VHM 335

VHM 339 TOPICS IN ADVANCED EQUINE MEDICINE
This elective course provides an in-depth discussion of equine internal medicine with an emphasis on neonatology and the respiratory, gastrointestinal and central nervous systems. It also covers topics such as metabolic diseases, emerging infectious diseases, cardiology and dermatology.  
Five week module with three hours of lecture per week.  
Enrollment is open to third year students

VHM 343 ADVANCED EQUINE MEDICINE TECHNIQUES
This elective laboratory course provides students with the opportunity to practice a variety of medical procedures in live animals and on cadaver specimens and models.  It includes techniques related to evaluation of the gastrointestinal, respiratory and central nervous systems as well as techniques in dentistry, ophthalmology, intravenous catheterization, and catheterization of the urinary bladder. 
Five week module with three hours of laboratory per week.
Enrollment is limited for third year students
COREQUISITE: VHM 339 

VHM 344 EQUINE PREVENTATIVE MEDICINE
This elective course provides an in-depth review of preventative medicine in the foal and adult horse.  It includes discussion of neonatal foal care, nutrition, dentistry, parasite control, biosecurity practices, and vaccination for disease prevention.
Five week module with two hours of lecture per week
Enrollment is open for third year students 

VHM 345 FOOD ANIMAL ANESTHESIA AND SURGERY
This elective lecture course provides detailed descriptions of  the anatomy, physiology, anesthetic protocols, and surgical techniques for common surgical conditions encountered in food animal practice. 
Five-week module with two hours of lecture per week
Enrolment is open for third year students 

VHM 346 TECHNIQUES IN FOOD ANIMAL ANESTHESIA AND SURGERY
This elective laboratory course provides an introduction to the psychomotor skills for basic anesthetic and surgical techniques commonly performed in food animals.
Five week module with three hours of laboratory per week
Enrollment is limited for third year students
COREQUISITE: VHM 345 
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VHM 347 EQUINE ANESTHESIA & SURGERY
This elective lecture course provides detailed descriptions of  the anatomy, physiology, anesthetic protocols, and surgical techniques for common surgical conditions encountered in equine practice. 
Five-week module with three hours of lecture per week
Enrolment is open for third year students

VHM 348 TECHNIQUES IN EQUINE ANESTHESIA AND SURGERY
This elective laboratory course provides an introduction to the psychomotor skills for basic anesthetic and surgical techniques commonly performed in horses.
Five week module with three hours of laboratory per week
Enrollment is limited for third year students 
COREQUISITE: VHM 347
 
VHM 349 MUSCULOSKELETAL DISEASES OF THE HORSE
This elective lecture course will provide a detailed description of diseases causing lameness in horses. 
Five-week module with three hours of lecture per week
Enrolment is open for third year students 
 
VHM 351 TECHNIQUES IN THE EVALUATION OF EQUINE MUSCULOSKELETAL DISEASES
This elective laboratory course provides students with the opportunity to work with horses with a variety of musculoskeletal disorders.  Physical diagnosis, diagnostic anesthesia, and imaging studies are assessed in the context of patient history and client concerns.
Five week module with three hours of laboratory per week
Enrollment is limited for third year students
COREQUISITE: VHM 349
 
VHM 352 PRINCIPLES OF INTEGRATIVE MEDICINE
This elective lecture course provides an introduction to some of the principle methods in integrative medicine, including acupuncture, chiropractic, and other methods. 
One hour of lecture per week
Enrolment is open for third year students
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VHM 353 TECHNIQUES OF INTEGRATIVE MEDICINE
This elective laboratory course will provide introduction to the psychomotor skills required in the practice of integrative medicine, including acupuncture, chiropractic, and other methods.
Five week module with three hours of laboratory per week
Enrollment is limited for third year students
PREREQUISITE: VHM 352
 
VHM 401 CAREER AND PRACTICE MANAGEMENT
In this course, students acquire the knowledge and skills for successful transition into a practice environment. Topics include resume preparation, interview skills, assessment of offers of employment or practice purchase, personal and business finance, and principles of veterinary practice management. Course delivery includes didactic lectures, facilitated discussions, and learning exercises.
PREREQUISITE: 4th year standing in the DVM Program (May be offered to students prior to entering 4th year with permission of the course coordinator).
One week in duration.
 
VHM 402 APPLIED EPIDEMIOLOGY
This course provides students with the opportunity to work on a population-based problem of clinical relevance and to develop the problem solving, data management and information processing skills necessary to address the problem. The projects will utilize, whenever possible, existing data such as hospital records, APHIN health and production databases and other data sources. Students assemble the necessary data, carry out appropriate analyses, interpret results and prepare a report of their findings.
PREREQUISITE: 4th year standing in the DVM Program. Enrollment is limited.
Three weeks in duration.
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VHM 403 SHORT COURSE IN APPLIED EPIDEMIOLOGY
This course provides students with the opportunity to work on population-based problems of clinical relevance, and to develop problem solving, data management and information processing skills necessary to address veterinary medicine related problems. The projects utilize, whenever possible, existing data such as hospital records, APHIN and/or ADLIC health and production databases, research data, and other data sources. Students may elect to analyse data that they have obtained from a research or clinical practice experience. With faculty supervision, students assemble the necessary data, carry out appropriate analyses, interpret results and prepare a report of their findings. This is an abbreviated form of VHM 402, with reduced expectations of students.
PREREQUISITE: 4th year standing in the DVM program.
One semester hour of credit. 40 hours per week and clinical rotation.

VHM 404 AQUACULTURE HEALTH MANAGEMENT I
This course provides students with an opportunity to work on population-based problems of clinical relevance and to develop the problem-solving, data management, and information processing skills necessary to address current health and production problems of fish farms and lobster holding units.
PREREQUISITE: 4th year standing in the DVM program.
One semester hour of credit and clinical rotation.

VHM 405 AQUACULTURE HEALTH MANAGEMENT II
This course provides students with additional opportunity to work independently on population-based problems of clinical relevance and to develop advanced problem-solving, data management, and information processing skills necessary to address current health and production problems of fish farms and lobster holding units.
PREREQUISITE(S): VHM 433 or VHM 404, and permission of the instructor.
One semester hour of credit and clinical rotation.

VHM 406 TOPICS IN REGULATORY VETERINARY EPIDEMOLOGY
This course provides students with the opportunity to work on various topics pertinent to national, regional or local animal disease control programs, including foreign animal disease control and disease monitoring and surveillance. Background information on risk analysis and outbreak investigation is also provided. With faculty supervision, students apply their knowledge of specific animal diseases to scenarios, utilizing the principles discussed.
PREREQUISITE(S): Fourth year standing in the DVM program
One semester hour of credit. 40 hours per week and clinical rotation
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VHM 410 CLINICS IN LARGE ANIMAL MEDICINE AND THERIOGENOLOGY
Students are involved in the management of clinical cases in the Veterinary Teaching Hospital and, together with faculty members, also participate in routine visits to dairy herds.
PREREQUISITE: 4th year standing in the DVM Program. Enrollment is limited.
Three weeks in duration.

VHM 411 CLINICAL CONFERENCE
This is a clinical seminar course with participation by students, house officers, and other professionals. Each student prepares and presents a seminar based on a case-report format with in-depth discussion of the selected disease condition. A manuscript of the case report is required.
PREREQUISITE: 4th year standing in the DVM Program.
Two hours per week. 

VHM 412 ANIMAL WELFARE ASSESSMENT AND REGULATION
The course provides a basis for students to (a) use ethical and scientific frameworks to conduct comprehensive animal welfare assessments by utilising multiple indicators of animal welfare, (b) objectively assess the welfare implications of the management of different species of animals and (c) understand animal welfare regulations and veterinary involvement in the recognition, enforcement and prosecution of welfare cases. This course uses animal welfare scenarios of contrasting management systems, and provides information and practice in dealing with cases of cruelty and neglect.
Two weeks in duration
Two semester hours of credit

420 CLINICS IN THERIOGENOLOGY - GENERAL
In this course, students gain clinical experience in theriogenology involving farm and companion animals. With faculty supervision, students participate in herd visits and the management of cases that are presented to the Veterinary Teaching Hospital. Emergency and out-of-hours duties are required of students enroled in this course. Students are required to give seminars at the end of the rotation.
PREREQUISITE: 4th year standing in the DVM Program.
Enrollment is limited.
Three weeks in duration
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VHM 422 CLINICS IN THERIOGENOLOGY - EQUINE
In this course, students gain clinical experience in theriogenology with an emphasis on horses. With faculty supervision, students participate in herd visits, the management of a breeding farm, and in cases which are presented to the Veterinary Teaching Hospital. Emergency and out-of-hours duties are required of students’ enroled in this course. Students are required to give seminars at the end of the rotation.
PREREQUISITE: 4th year standing in the DVM Program. Enrollment is limited.
Three weeks in duration.

VHM 431 CLINICS IN FARM SERVICE - RUMINANTS AND SWINE I
This course is a clinical rotation in the Farm Service section of the Veterinary Teaching Hospital. This rotation emphasizes procedures and techniques for the prevention and control of diseases of swine, beef and dairy cattle and small ruminants necessary for food animal practice, including diagnostic techniques, administration of medications through various routes, and health management assessment (rectal palpation). Students participate, with faculty supervision, in the practice of clinical veterinary medicine, and are exposed to the principles of health management of herds and flocks.
PREREQUISITE: 4th year standing in the DVM program.
Enrollment is limited.
Three weeks in duration.

VHM 432 CLINICS IN FARM SERVICE - DAIRY
This course is a clinical rotation in the Farm Service section of the Veterinary Teaching Hospital. This rotation emphasizes procedures and techniques for the prevention and control of diseases of dairy cattle. Students participate, with faculty supervision, in both the practice of clinical veterinary medicine and in planning and delivering programs to enhance production in dairy cows.
PREREQUISITE: VHM 431.
Enrollment is limited.
Three weeks in duration.

VHM 434 ECOSYSTEM HEALTH
This course demonstrates the complexity of ecosystem decision making and the role of the veterinarian in the assessment, solution and possible management of ecosystem health issues. The field portion of the course involves an in-depth examination of one or several ecosystems and provides an opportunity to apply principles and methods discussed in lectures and reviewed in the literature.
PREREQUISITE: 4th year standing in the DVM program.
Enrollment is limited.
Two weeks in duration.
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VHM 435 CLINICS IN AMBULATORY SERVICES - EQUINE I
In this course, students work with clinicians in the diagnosis and treatment of conditions of horses in an ambulatory setting. The rotation emphasizes individual equine problems. Students participate in the management of field cases under veterinary supervision.
PREREQUISITE: 4th year standing in the DVM program.
Enrollment is limited.
Three weeks in duration.

VHM 436 CLINICS IN FARM SERVICE - SWINE
This course is a clinical rotation in the Farm Service section of the Veterinary Teaching Hospital. This rotation emphasizes procedures and techniques for the prevention and control of diseases of swine. Students participate, with faculty supervision, in both the practice of clinical veterinary medicine and in planning and delivering programs to enhance swine production.
PREREQUISITE: 4th year standing in the DVM program.
Three weeks in duration.

VHM 437 CLINICS IN AMBULATORY SERVICES - EQUINE II
In this second rotation through the Equine Ambulatory Service of the Veterinary Teaching Hospital, students develop a more detailed knowledge of the principles and techniques used in the practice of equine medicine and surgery in an ambulatory setting.
PREREQUISITE: 4th year standing in the DVM program, VHM 435, and permission of the instructor.
Three weeks in duration.
Three semester hours of credit.

VHM 438 ECOSYSTEM HEALTH
This course presents case studies to demonstrate the complexity of ecosystem decision making, and the assessment and management of ecosystem health issues. This field-based course allows in-depth examination of one or several ecosystems and provides an opportunity to apply principles and methods from a broad range of disciplines.
PREREQUISITE: Permission of the instructor.
One week in duration.
One semester hour of credit.
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VHM 440 CLINICS IN LARGE ANIMAL MEDICINE I
A course in which students work with clinicians in the diagnosis and treatment of diseases of large animals presented to the Veterinary Teaching Hospital. Students participate, with faculty supervision, in case management (including emergency and out-of-hours duties). Emphasis is placed on the principles and practice of large animal veterinary medicine.
PREREQUISITE: 4th year standing in the DVM Program.
Enrollment is limited.
Three weeks in duration.

VHM 441 CLINICS IN FARM SERVICE - RUMINANTS AND SWINE II
In this second rotation through the Farm Service section of the Veterinary Hospital, students further develop the knowledge and skills required for the practice of clinical veterinary medicine on farm, and expand their ability to apply the principles of health management of herds and flocks such as encountered in VHM 431.
PREREQUISITE: VHM 431
Two semester hours of credit
Three weeks in duration

VHM 443 CLINICS IN FARM SERVICE - FEEDLOT MANAGEMENT
This course is a clinical rotation in the Farm Service section of the Veterinary Teaching Hospital. Students participate, with faculty supervision, in the practice of clinical veterinary medicine, and in the planning and delivering of programs to optimize production in cattle. This rotation emphasizes procedures and techniques for the management of health and disease on feedlot operations, including processing of calves in the fall. Students are based at Feedlot Health Management Services, Okotoks, Alberta, for the majority of this rotation, to gain experience on feedlots in Western Canada.
PREREQUISITE: VHM 431
Two semester hours of credit.
40 hours per week and clinical rotation.
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VHM 445 CLINICS IN FARM SERVICE - RUMINANT NUTRITION
This course is a clinical rotation in the Farm Service section of the Veterinary Teaching Hospital. Students participate, with faculty supervision, in the practice of clinical veterinary medicine, and in the planning and delivering of programs to optimize production in dairy cows. This rotation emphasizes procedures and techniques for enhancing nutritional management of dairy cattle.
PREREQUISITE: VHM 431
One semester hour of credit.
40 hours per week and clinical rotation.

VHM 446 CLINICS IN FARM SERVICE - RUMINANT MASTITIS
This course is a clinical rotation in the Farm Service section of the Veterinary Teaching Hospital. Students participate, with faculty supervision, in the practice of clinical veterinary medicine, and in the planning and delivering of programs to optimize production in dairy cows. This rotation emphasizes procedures and techniques for the prevention and control of clinical and subclinical mastitis in dairy cattle, including: evaluation of milk quality records available for trouble-shooting herd problems; evaluation of milking systems, milking time, and parlour labour efficiency; development of a milk culture service; and development of mastitis pathogen treatment and prevention strategies.
PREREQUISITE: VHM 431
One semester hour of credit.
40 hours per week and clinical rotation.

VHM 447 CLINICS IN FARM SERVICE - RUMINANT PRODUCTION RECORD ANALYSIS
This course is a clinical rotation in the Farm Service section of the Veterinary Teaching Hospital. Students participate, with faculty supervision, in the practice of clinical veterinary medicine, and in the planning and delivering of programs to optimize production in dairy cows. This rotation emphasizes procedures and techniques for ruminant record analysis, including data acquisition, manipulation within a spreadsheet (including basic statistics and graphics), and report writing in a concise, comprehensive and meaningful report to motivate change.
PREREQUISITE: VHM 431
One semester hour of credit.
40 hours per week and clinical rotation.
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VHM 448 CLINICS IN FARM SERVICE - RUMINANT REPRODUCTION
This course is a clinical rotation in the Farm Service section of the Veterinary Teaching Hospital. Students participate, with faculty supervision, in the practice of clinical veterinary medicine, and in the planning and delivering of programs to optimize production in dairy cows. This rotation emphasizes procedures and techniques for ruminant reproduction, including: pregnancy diagnosis and fetal sexing using ultrasound technology, the analysis of herd level reproductive records, and other advanced techniques.
PREREQUISITE: VHM 431
One semester hour of credit.
40 hours per week and clinical rotation.

VHM 449 CLINICS IN FARM SERVICE - COW/CALF MANAGEMENT
This course is a clinical rotation in the Farm Service section of the Veterinary Teaching Hospital. Students participate, with faculty supervision, in the practice of clinical veterinary medicine, and in the planning and delivering of programs to optimize production in beef and dairy cows. This rotation emphasizes procedures and techniques for the management of health and disease on cow-calf operations, including processing of cows and calves in the fall.
PREREQUISITE: VHM 431
One semester hour of credit.
40 hours per week and clinical rotation.

VHM 450 CLINICS IN LARGE ANIMAL SURGERY I
This course is a clinical rotation in the Large Animal Surgery Section of the Veterinary Teaching Hospital. Students provide patient care, participate in ward rounds, and learn the routine procedures of clinical case management and decision making. Supplemental seminars.
Enrollment is limited.
Three weeks in duration.

VHM 452 CLINICS IN LARGE ANIMAL SURGERY II
This course provides students with additional clinical experience with surgical diseases of large animals. In addition to case management, students are also provided with seminars and review recent literature in the field.
PREREQUISITE: VHM 450 or VHM 460.
Enrollment is limited.
Three weeks in duration.

VHM 460 CLINICS IN LARGE ANIMAL MEDICINE AND SURGERY I
This course is a clinical rotation in the Large Animal Surgery and Medicine sections of the Veterinary Teaching Hospital, in which students see a variety of large animal cases. Students provide patient care, participate in rounds, share emergency duty, and out-of-hours service, and learn some of the routine procedures of case management and decision making in large animal practice.
PREREQUISITE: 4th year standing in the DVM program.
Enrollment is limited.
Thirty-five hours in clinics per week. 

VHM 461 CLINICS IN LARGE ANIMAL MEDICINE AND SURGERY II
This course provides students with advanced clinical experience with surgical and medical diseases of large animals. Students provide patient care, participate in rounds, share emergency duty, and out-of-hours service, and learn some of the routine procedures of case management and decision making in large animal practice.
PREREQUISITE: 4th year standing in the DVM program and VHM 460.   Enrolment is limited.
Thirty-five hours in clinics per week. 3 weeks in duration.
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VHM 464 CLINICS IN LARGE ANIMAL MEDICINE 11-1
In this one credit-hour course, which is an extension of Clinics in Large Animal Medicine I, students work with clinicians in the diagnosis and treatment of diseases of large animals presented to the Veterinary Teaching Hospital. The student is given more responsibility and expected to perform more actively in decisions involving case management. Duties include emergency and out-of-hours services.
PREREQUISITE(s): VHM 440, 460, 462, or 410
One semester hour of credit.
Clinical rotation.

VHM 465 CLINICS IN LARGE ANIMAL MEDICINE 11-2
In this 2 credit-hour course, which is an extension of Clinics in Large Animal Medicine I, students work with clinicians in the diagnosis and treatment of diseases of large animals presented to the Veterinary Teaching Hospital. The student is given more responsibility and expected to perform more actively in decisions involving case management. Duties include emergency and out-of-hours services.
PREREQUISITE(s): VHM 440, 460, 462, or 410
Two semester hours of credit.
Clinical rotation.

VHM 466 CLINICS IN LARGE ANIMAL MEDICINE II-3
In this 3 credit-hour course, which is an extension of Clinics in Large Animal Medicine I, students work with clinicians in the diagnosis and treatment of diseases of large animals presented to the Veterinary Teaching Hospital. The student is given more responsibility and expected to perform more actively in decisions involving case management. Duties include emergency and out-of-hours services.
PREREQUISITE: VHM 410, 420, 440, 460, 462.
Enrollment is limited.
Three weeks in duration.

VHM 467 SWINE HEALTH MONITORING
This course is a clinical rotation in the Farm Service section of the Department of Health Management. The rotation emphasizes the procedures and techniques for providing health monitoring services for minimal disease swine farms. The student will participate, with faculty supervision, in the practice of clinical veterinary medicine, the evaluation of the health status of the farms, and consultation regarding production and health management, and disease prevention.
PREREQUISITE: 4th year standing in DVM program
One semester hour of credit.
40 hours per week and clinical rotation.

VHM 468 INTERNATIONAL SMALL HOLDER DAIRY HEALTH MANAGEMENT
This course provides 3 weeks of practical experience, in the context of an international development project, for veterinary students from AVC on management of small holder dairy farming in Africa, and on the diagnosis, treatment and prevention of common animal diseases and dairy management problems encountered in East Africa.
PREREQUISITE:  4th year standing in the DVM Program; enrolment is limited with a selection process 
Three weeks duration
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VHM 480 CLINICS IN REGULATORY MEDICINE
This course prepares students to assume the role of an Accredited Veterinarian. An Accredited Veterinarian is a veterinarian who is authorized under the Health of Animals Act to perform certain duties and functions in support of the National Animal Health Program (e.g. certifying livestock for export, Coggins testing horses). Topics covered include an orientation to the national food inspection system and the federal laboratory system. This course is a prerequisite for Accreditation with the Canadian Food Inspection Agency, and hence will be of interest to students considering work in the food animal, equine or regulatory sector.
PREREQUISITE: 4th year standing in the DVM Program.
Enrollment is limited.
One week in duration. 

VHM 481 CLINICS IN RUMINANT MEDICINE AND SURGERY ROTATION AT THE UNIVERSITY OF MONTREAL - FACULTY OF VETERINARY MEDICINE (English Rotation)
Students work with clinicians in the diagnosis and treatment of conditions in ruminant animals, primarily dairy cattle, presented to the Veterinary Teaching Hospital at the University of Montréal in Saint-Hyacinthe, Qúebec. The rotation emphasizes individual animal medicine and surgery.  Students are expected to provide patient care, actively participate in the diagnostic, treatment, and management decisions concerning their patients, and participate in rounds and discussion topics.  Duties include after hour emergency and treatment crew. This course is offered as a 3 week rotation. Instruction will be given in English. Partial student support for expenses is sought through industry sponsors.  

VHM 482 VETERINARY ACUPUNCTURE
In this course, students learn the fundamentals of veterinary acupuncture, and apply its principles to the management of patients with special problems. Lectures and laboratories in the science of acupuncture are supplemented with clinical cases admitted to the teaching hospital for treatment. Students are introduced to the basic skills, instrumentation, and examination methods required for successful treatment of animal patients by acupuncture.
PREREQUISITE: Fourth year standing in the DVM program and permission of the instructor.
Two weeks in duration.
 
VHM 484 VETERINARY CHIROPRACTIC TECHNIQUES
In this course students learn the fundamentals of veterinary chiropractic medicine and apply its principles to the management of patients with problems of gait, posture, and movement.  Lectures and laboratories in the biomechanics and neurophysiology of manipulative therapeutics are supplemented with clinical cases admitted to the Veterinary Teaching Hospital. Students are introduced to the basic skills, instrumentation, and examination methods required for successful treatment of animal patients by using chiropractic medicine.
PREREQUISITE: Fourth year standing in the DVM program and permission of the instructor.
Three weeks in duration
 
VHM 486 VETERINARY ACUPUNCTURE (cooperative section)
In this course, students learn the fundamentals of veterinary acupuncture and apply its principles to the management of patients with special problems.  Lectures and laboratories in the science of acupuncture are supplemented with clinical cases admitted to the teaching hospital for treatment.  This course includes students from other veterinary colleges and encourages cooperative learning of a specialty discipline not available at other veterinary institutions.  
PREREQUISITE:  Fourth year standing in the DVM program  
Enrolment is limited
Three weeks in duration
 
VHM 490 EXTERNAL CLINICAL EXPERIENCE - INSTITUTIONAL OR SPECIALIST PRACTICE
This course provides a clinical experience that is not available to an individual student at UPEI. This 1-3 credit-hour experience is limited to CVMA or AVMA accredited faculties of veterinary medicine, other institutions and institutional practices, and approved private practices where evaluation of performance is routinely completed. In order to qualify for credit, the clinical experience taken outside an accredited faculty of veterinary medicine must meet certain criteria as outlined in the Senior Rotation Handbook. All expenses incurred are the responsibility of the student. This course is graded pass-fail.
PREREQUISITE: Fourth year standing in the DVM program and approval of the departmental Chair and Associate Dean of Academic Affairs.
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VHM 492 ADVANCED EQUINE DENTISTRY AND HEALTH CARE
In this course, students learn the theory and practice of disease prevention in horses, including vaccination and parasite control programs. Students practice, with faculty supervision, dental care on horses at Island facilities and in the AVC teaching barn. In-depth discussions and reviews of pertinent and timely information take place.
PREREQUISITE: Any ONE of the following courses: VHM 410, 420, 422, 435, 440, 450 or 460 and permission of the course coordinator.
One week elective rotation in Winter semester.

VHM 494 EXTERNAL CLINICAL EXPERIENCE - GENERAL PRIVATE PRACTICE
This course provides an opportunity for clinical experience in general or community practice settings. This 1-3 credit-hour experience is limited to private practices that meet certain criteria as outlined in the senior rotation handbook. All expenses incurred are the responsibility of the student. This course is graded pass-fail.
PREREQUISITE: Fourth year standing in the DVM program and approval of the departmental Chair and Associate Dean of Academic Affairs.

VHM 495 SPECIAL TOPICS IN HEALTH MANAGEMENT
This course is initiated and offered at the discretion of the Department. Entry to the course, course content, and the conditions under which the course may be offered will be subject to the approval of the Chair of the Department, the AVC Curriculum Committee, and the Dean or designate.
PREREQUISITE: 4th year standing in the DVM program.
One to three hours per week.
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